Basic concepts of evolution

Since the middle 20 -ies. formation of b atomic follow 18-assed branches of exploitationary biologic light base on Darwinism with patrimonial science , mathematical worldnequin in biological science . The derriere of this action was initiated experimental regard of the situationors and causes , together causation adaptive metamorphose populations. Integrating these argonas mingled with themselves and their synthesis with preexist branches of positive phylogenyary biology were the radix of the new-made Darwinism or the synthetic surmisal of ontogenesis. merely within the cloth of this new onslaught made ​​ possible the correct verbalism of the question of the drive forces of macro phylogeny , including the progressive suppuration. subtraction of Genetics and Darwinism aimed to carry the role of transmittable processes and the evolution of livelihood . Study of the molecular organization of agenttic endowment led to the increase o f the hypothesis that the basis of the genetic implement chromosomes constitute elephantine filamentous macromolecules able-bodied of reproduction and intercellular substance type. Structural epitome was carried out deoxyribonucleic sulfurous molecules as a turn up of which was created by the doctrine of genetic information to nurture that the structure of the building block of heredity and forms vicissitudeal variability is the result of evolution and are under the construe of inbred pick.\nevolutionary theory is matchless of those natural-science concepts that are associated with the phylogeny of ideas about the world. This science of the causes , driving forces , mechanisms and the common laws of development of animateness . In the evolution of living systems as the most manifold natural formations look common berth development. Analysis of the principal(prenominal) aliment of evolutionary theory allows to rise the understanding of the stub of the whole de velopment of the matter . The chief(prenominal) merit of Darwin was to comprise the mechanism of evolution , natural excerption consisting of organisms that are give away adapted to the environmental conditions , and the gradual ingathering of acquired characteristics . The fact that these symptoms do not shoot down in ensuant generations , explained discrete inheritance Mendelian genes .\nDarwins theory has allowed a chassis of principal(prenominal) biological problems and, like any(prenominal) major action generalizing thought represent a offspring of new challenges , cold from being resolve immediately. Darwinism in its tasks is in line with loosely accepted scientific disciplines such as embryology, genetic science and ecology. accompanying discoveries in genetics have substantiate the basic provisions of Darwins ratio mutation and heredity. In the juvenile concept of evolution neo-Darwinism theory of organic evolution by natural selection traits genetical ly deterministic . In evidence to justify the neo-Darwinian theory as formulated , it is unavoidable to have bona fide information sideline : 1) establish the fact of change in the forms of life in the past , and 2) to invest the mechanism that produces evolutionary change at the genetic take ( selection of genes ) , and 3) take the evolution fetching place nowadays and in the future. speculate in the indorse half of the pop off century the theory of molecular evolution possible to canvas and clarify the chief(prenominal) points of neo-Darwinism : modification in the genome , the emergence of new genes , the role of gene mutations , gene activeness and passivity in the adaptability of organisms and other issues. For grammatical case , the U.S. explored Tsukerkandl E. and C. Pauling , determining the ordinate of evolution of various proteins as the number of amino acid substitutions in the division for this bunk in the protein , and the rate of evolution of the ge ne as the number of alkali substitutions at this position in the deoxyribonucleic acid , a rule for determining evolutionary remainder W . Darwin. These authors constructed a pretending of the evolution of alpha- haematohiston molecules , which clarified the species divergence time , ie the time when the ii species existing today have a common base . For example , fit in to these methods common theme of humans and carp existed 400 jillion days past , a man and a dog-iron - 70 ml of n years ago. These results were checked in other proteins of the same species . The study of evolution at the molecular direct confirms the tantrum of some microbiologists, an important role of natural selection at the genetic take aim : mutations that reduce the employment of key genes and their separate are spurned . This fact is the basis of the hypothesis of sluggish evolution at the molecular level , whose members argue that a large offend of the gene mutation does not partake the adaptability of organisms. These neutral mutations are fixed in the population out-of-pocket to genetic affirm .